A Speaker's Reasons and Evidence
SL.4.3
Read the text, then answer the questions.
How Penicillin Was Found
In 1928 Alexander Fleming went on holiday and left a stack of dishes on a bench. Each held a colony of bacteria. When he came back, one dish had a spot of mould on it. Around the mould was a clear ring where the bacteria had died. Fleming realised the mould was producing something that killed bacteria. He named it penicillin and published a paper. Almost nobody noticed. Ten years later, Howard Florey and Ernst Chain read that paper and tried to make penicillin in quantity. That turned out to be the hard part: it took two thousand litres of mould fluid to treat one patient. By 1944 the problem had been solved and penicillin was reaching soldiers in the field.
- 1. The text says the hard part was not the discovery. What evidence supports that?
- 2. Quote the sentence that explains why Fleming's discovery went nowhere at first.
- 3. What is the author's purpose, and how do you know?
What a Coral Reef Is
A coral reef looks like rock and is built by animals. A coral polyp is a soft creature the size of a pinhead. It draws calcium from the sea water and builds a hard cup around itself. Millions of polyps, cup upon cup, become a reef. Inside each polyp live tiny algae. The algae make food from sunlight and pass most of it to the polyp. In exchange they get shelter and the polyp's waste. Neither could build a reef alone. When the water gets too warm, the polyps expel the algae. Without them the coral turns white and starves. That is what bleaching means. A reef takes centuries to build and can bleach in a single hot summer.
- 1. The text says neither organism could build a reef alone. What evidence supports that?
- 2. What is the author's purpose, and how do you know?
- 3. Quote the words that explain what the algae give the polyp.
LessonPrint · SL.4.3 · Set 2 · free to copy for classroom use