Paraphrase What You Heard
SL.4.2
Read the text, then answer the questions.
The Wolves and the Rivers
Wolves were shot out of Yellowstone by 1926. Fourteen were brought back in 1995. With no wolves, elk had grazed the valleys freely for seventy years. Young willow and aspen were eaten as soon as they grew. The wolves killed some elk. More importantly, they changed where elk would stand still. Open valley floors became dangerous, so the elk stopped lingering there. Willow and aspen grew back along the rivers. Beavers, which need willow, returned. Their dams made ponds. Roots held the banks. The rivers narrowed, deepened and moved less. Some researchers describe this as wolves changing the shape of rivers, though others argue the effect has been overstated.
- 1. When were wolves brought back to Yellowstone?
- 2. Determine the main idea of this text and explain how key details support it.
- 3. How many wolves were brought back?
Why Clocks Agree
Until the 1840s, every British town kept its own time, set by the sun. Noon in Bristol was about ten minutes after noon in London. That was no problem while the fastest thing on the road was a horse. The railways changed it. A timetable cannot work if every station measures noon differently, and trains sharing a track need to agree about when. So the railway companies imposed London time on their whole network. People called it railway time. Some towns kept two minute hands on the town clock for years, one local and one railway. In 1880 Parliament made a single time legal across the country. The sun had been overruled by the timetable.
- 1. What was the single time called before it became law?
- 2. When did Parliament make a single time legal?
- 3. How far behind London was Bristol's noon?
LessonPrint · SL.4.2 · Set 17 · free to copy for classroom use