Reading a Grade 4 Fact Text
RI.4.10
Read the text, then answer the questions.
The Wolves and the Rivers
Wolves were shot out of Yellowstone by 1926. Fourteen were brought back in 1995. With no wolves, elk had grazed the valleys freely for seventy years. Young willow and aspen were eaten as soon as they grew. The wolves killed some elk. More importantly, they changed where elk would stand still. Open valley floors became dangerous, so the elk stopped lingering there. Willow and aspen grew back along the rivers. Beavers, which need willow, returned. Their dams made ponds. Roots held the banks. The rivers narrowed, deepened and moved less. Some researchers describe this as wolves changing the shape of rivers, though others argue the effect has been overstated.
- 1. Which trees grew back along the rivers?
- 2. The author reports a disagreement. What is it, and how is it presented?
- 3. When were wolves brought back to Yellowstone?
- 4. What overall structure does this text use?
The Accidental Photograph
In 1895 Wilhelm Röntgen was working with a covered tube in a darkened room when he noticed a screen across the laboratory glowing. Something was passing through the cover and crossing the room. He did not know what it was, so he called it X — the unknown. He spent seven weeks alone in the laboratory testing it. He put wood, rubber and metal in the way. Metal stopped it; the rest did not. Then he asked his wife to put her hand between the tube and a photographic plate. The picture showed the bones of her hand and her wedding ring. Within a year, X-rays were being used in hospitals. Röntgen refused to patent them.
- 1. In what year did Röntgen notice the glow?
- 2. Which material stopped the rays?
- 3. What overall structure does this text use?
- 4. The text says Röntgen refused to patent X-rays. What does that suggest about him?
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