How Four Discoveries Changed Lives
D2.His.14.3-5
Read each information text, then answer the questions.
Louis Daguerre and the First Photographs
An information text written for this worksheet. Before 1839, the only way to keep a picture of a person or a place was to draw or paint it, which took a skilled artist many hours. Louis Daguerre, a French artist, worked for years on a way to fix an image made by light onto a metal plate. In 1839 the French government announced his method, called the daguerreotype, and soon made it free for people to use. Within a few years, photography studios opened in cities in Europe and the United States. For the first time, ordinary families could have pictures of themselves. Historians and newspaper artists could now work from real pictures of faces and places from events, not only drawings.
- 1. What was Daguerre's method called?
- 2. How did photography help people who study history?
- 3. What did Daguerre's method fix an image onto?
Cyrus McCormick and the Reaper
An information text written for this worksheet. In the early 1800s, farmers cut ripe wheat by hand with a curved blade called a sickle or a scythe. Wheat must be harvested quickly once it is ripe, so a farm family could only plant as much as they could cut in a few weeks. In 1831, Cyrus McCormick showed a reaper on his family's farm in Virginia. Jo Anderson, a man enslaved on the farm, helped with the work, but the records say little about what he did. Pulled by a horse, the machine cut the wheat as it moved across the field. With a reaper, a few workers could harvest far more wheat in a day than many workers could by hand. In 1847 McCormick opened a factory in Chicago, close to the prairie farms. Farmers on the wide prairies of the Midwest began to plant much bigger fields, and fewer people were needed for farm work.
- 1. What pulled the reaper?
- 2. Why did Midwest farmers begin to plant much bigger fields?
- 3. Why did McCormick open his factory in Chicago?
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