How Four Discoveries Changed Lives
D2.His.14.3-5
Read each information text, then answer the questions.
Louis Daguerre and the First Photographs
An information text written for this worksheet. Before 1839, the only way to keep a picture of a person or a place was to draw or paint it, which took a skilled artist many hours. Louis Daguerre, a French artist, worked for years on a way to fix an image made by light onto a metal plate. In 1839 the French government announced his method, called the daguerreotype, and soon made it free for people to use. Within a few years, photography studios opened in cities in Europe and the United States. For the first time, ordinary families could have pictures of themselves. Historians and newspaper artists could now work from real pictures of faces and places from events, not only drawings.
- 1. How did photography change life for ordinary families?
- 2. In what year was the method announced?
- 3. What was Daguerre's method called?
Jonas Salk and the Polio Vaccine
An information text written for this worksheet. Polio is a disease caused by a virus. It can make muscles weak and sometimes leaves people unable to walk or to breathe on their own. In the early 1950s, polio struck tens of thousands of Americans every year, most of them children. Many families kept their children away from swimming pools and summer camps, afraid of catching it. Jonas Salk, an American doctor and scientist, made a vaccine to protect people from polio. In 1954, more than a million children took part in a test of the vaccine. In April 1955 the vaccine was announced as safe and effective. Salk did not patent it, so it could be made widely. Within a few years, polio cases in the United States fell sharply.
- 1. When was the vaccine announced as safe and effective?
- 2. What causes polio?
- 3. What happened to polio cases after the vaccine?
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