Reading a Grade 3 Fact Text
RI.3.10
Read the text, then answer the questions.
Morse Code
Morse code turns every letter into a pattern of short and long signals: dots and dashes. The commonest letters were given the shortest patterns. E is one dot. T is one dash. Q, which is rare, is dash-dash-dot-dash. Because of that choice, an average message is much shorter than it would be otherwise. A message can be sent as sound, as light, or as taps on a pipe. That is why it survived so long: it needs almost no equipment. Timing carries the meaning. A dash is three times as long as a dot. The gap between letters is three dots long, and between words, seven. SOS was chosen because it is easy to recognise: three dots, three dashes, three dots.
- 1. The author says Morse survived a long time. What reason is given?
- 2. What is the Morse pattern for E?
- 3. What is the Morse pattern for SOS?
- 4. What is the main idea of this text, and which details support it?
Why Swallows Leave
Swallows do not leave Britain because of the cold. They leave because of the insects. A swallow eats flying insects, and it catches them in the air. In October the insects disappear, and a bird that eats nothing else has to follow the food. So swallows fly to southern Africa: about six thousand miles, taking roughly six weeks. They travel by day and feed as they go. They lose about a third of their body weight on the way. Many do not arrive. The following spring they return, and a swallow will often nest in the very barn it hatched in.
- 1. What is the author's purpose, and how do you know?
- 2. How much weight do they lose?
- 3. How long does the journey take?
- 4. The author opens by saying it is not the cold. What reason is given instead?
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