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Reading the Layers is a free printable Grade 4 science worksheet on using rock layers and fossils as evidence of landscape change, aligned to Common Core standard 4-ESS1-1. It prints 7 questions with an answer key on its own sheet of paper, in 25 versions that each ask different questions, so no two pupils in the class work from the same page. Print it from the browser or download it as a PDF — no account, no email.

Set 23 of 25 · the same problems every time you open this link.

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Set 1 has all 25 in a single PDF. All 25 sets ask different questions.

Reading the Layers

4-ESS1-1

NameDate

Read the drawing, then answer the questions.

1.Read the record, then answer the questions.

Layers in the Railway Cutting

A drawing the class made of the rock face beside the railway, from top to bottom. FROM THE TOP DOWN Top layer: soil with modern roots Next: sandstone with ripple marks Next: grey mudstone with sea shells Next: coal with fern fossils Bottom: hard rock with no fossils at all The layers lie flat and one on top of the other.

  1. 1. What does the mudstone with sea shells suggest?
  2. 2. What is in the coal layer?
  3. 3. What is in the layer with sea shells?
  4. 4. Which layer is oldest, and how do you know?
2.Sea shells sit below a soil layer with modern roots. What changed?
  • A.The place went from sea to dry land over a long time
  • B.The roots grew into the sea
  • C.Nothing changed
3.What would you expect below the lowest layer in the cutting?
  • A.Rock older still, formed before everything above it
  • B.Modern soil
  • C.The same soil as the top
4.Why does the ORDER of the layers matter as evidence?
  • A.It shows which conditions came first and which came later
  • B.It makes the drawing neat
  • C.Order is not evidence
5.Ripple marks are preserved in a sandstone layer. What do they suggest?
  • A.The rock melted
  • B.Somebody drew them
  • C.Water or wind moved sand here when the layer formed
6.The bottom layer has no fossils at all. What does that suggest?
  • A.Fossils were removed
  • B.It is the youngest
  • C.It formed before those organisms lived here, or in conditions that preserved nothing
7.A layer holds sea shells. What does that suggest about this place?
  • A.The rock is made of shells only
  • B.Somebody dropped shells there
  • C.It was once under the sea

LessonPrint · 4-ESS1-1 · Set 23 · free to copy for classroom use

Answer key — Reading the Layers

Set 23. Prints on its own sheet.

  1. 1.1. This place was once under the sea. 2. Fern fossils. 3. Grey mudstone with sea shells. 4. The bottom layer, because the layers lie one on top of the other.
  2. 2.The place went from sea to dry land over a long time
  3. 3.Rock older still, formed before everything above it
  4. 4.It shows which conditions came first and which came later
  5. 5.Water or wind moved sand here when the layer formed
  6. 6.It formed before those organisms lived here, or in conditions that preserved nothing
  7. 7.It was once under the sea

More practice for 4-ESS1-1

Use rock layers and fossils as evidence that a landscape changed.

Teaching this next? Reading the Layers is the 55-minute plan for it, with the misconceptions to expect.

All Grade 4 worksheets

Last reviewed 2026-09-05. Aligned to 4-ESS1-1 of the Next Generation Science Standards.