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Reading the Layers is a free printable Grade 4 science worksheet on using rock layers and fossils as evidence of landscape change, aligned to Common Core standard 4-ESS1-1. It prints 7 questions with an answer key on its own sheet of paper, in 25 versions that each ask different questions, so no two pupils in the class work from the same page. Print it from the browser or download it as a PDF — no account, no email.

Set 25 of 25 · the same problems every time you open this link.

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Set 1 has all 25 in a single PDF. All 25 sets ask different questions.

Reading the Layers

4-ESS1-1

NameDate

Read the drawing, then answer the questions.

1.Read the record, then answer the questions.

Layers in the Railway Cutting

A drawing the class made of the rock face beside the railway, from top to bottom. FROM THE TOP DOWN Top layer: soil with modern roots Next: sandstone with ripple marks Next: grey mudstone with sea shells Next: coal with fern fossils Bottom: hard rock with no fossils at all The layers lie flat and one on top of the other.

  1. 1. What is in the layer with sea shells?
  2. 2. What is in the coal layer?
  3. 3. What does the mudstone with sea shells suggest?
  4. 4. What claim does this drawing support?
2.Sea shells sit below a soil layer with modern roots. What changed?
  • A.Nothing changed
  • B.The place went from sea to dry land over a long time
  • C.The roots grew into the sea
3.The bottom layer has no fossils at all. What does that suggest?
  • A.It formed before those organisms lived here, or in conditions that preserved nothing
  • B.Fossils were removed
  • C.It is the youngest
4.What would you expect below the lowest layer in the cutting?
  • A.Rock older still, formed before everything above it
  • B.Modern soil
  • C.The same soil as the top
5.Ripple marks are preserved in a sandstone layer. What do they suggest?
  • A.The rock melted
  • B.Somebody drew them
  • C.Water or wind moved sand here when the layer formed
6.Why does the ORDER of the layers matter as evidence?
  • A.It shows which conditions came first and which came later
  • B.Order is not evidence
  • C.It makes the drawing neat
7.Layers lie flat, one on top of another. Which is oldest?
  • A.The top layer
  • B.They are all the same age
  • C.The bottom layer, laid down first

LessonPrint · 4-ESS1-1 · Set 25 · free to copy for classroom use

Answer key — Reading the Layers

Set 25. Prints on its own sheet.

  1. 1.1. Grey mudstone with sea shells. 2. Fern fossils. 3. This place was once under the sea. 4. The landscape here changed over time, from sea to swamp forest to dry land.
  2. 2.The place went from sea to dry land over a long time
  3. 3.It formed before those organisms lived here, or in conditions that preserved nothing
  4. 4.Rock older still, formed before everything above it
  5. 5.Water or wind moved sand here when the layer formed
  6. 6.It shows which conditions came first and which came later
  7. 7.The bottom layer, laid down first

More practice for 4-ESS1-1

Use rock layers and fossils as evidence that a landscape changed.

Teaching this next? Reading the Layers is the 55-minute plan for it, with the misconceptions to expect.

All Grade 4 worksheets

Last reviewed 2026-09-05. Aligned to 4-ESS1-1 of the Next Generation Science Standards.